Who May Take Countermeasures, and Against Whom? Mrinaal Tomar and Kiya Somal This paper addresses the law of countermeasures available to an injured State. A countermeasure is conduct by an injured State that would ordinarily breach an obligation owed to the State responsible for a prior internationally wrongful act, but whose wrongfulness is precluded because it responds to that act; the suspension of trade concessions or of treaty-based landing rights are familiar examples.

AI Holography, Digital Personas, and the CDPA 1988 Jakob A. R. Beecham The rapid development of artificial intelligence (AI) and digital holography has exposed gaps in UK legal protection for performers, particularly after death. This commentary examines whether the Copyright, Designs and Patents Act 1988 (CDPA) adequately protects performers against unauthorised posthumous digital reanimation through AI and deepfake technologies. It argues that the CDPA protects recorded per

Interrogating the Risks of Assisted Dying Legislation Ceri Lois Hughes This article examines the profound legal and ethical paradox at the heart of the assisted dying debate: whether legalisation rectifies the moral injustice of ‘forced dying’ or introduces a new, systemic injustice for vulnerable populations. The author argues that a purely autonomy-based justification for assisted dying is legally and ethically insufficient, drawing upon Martha Fineman’s vulnerability theor

The European Court of Human Rights responding to claims of ‘excessive interference’ and becoming a more robust institution Orlando Moore In recent years, Council of Europe member states have increasingly criticised the European Court of Human Rights for ‘excessive interference’ in their domestic affairs, with the current source of political outrage and public incandescence being domestic immigration, asylum, and deportation policies’ conflict with the European Convention on H

Balancing Peace and Accountability through Amnesty Marie Nemec This essay argues that amnesty as a whole cannot be condemned as inappropriate, but that - when considering case complexities – the utilisation of partial amnesties, alongside other accountability measures, poses as a pragmatic tool to balance both peace and justice within transitional justice efforts. The matter at hand will be initially introduced by an examination and definition of various forms of amnesty. Sec

A Reproductive Justice Critique on the Law of Genital Cutting Hannah Porter This essay examines whether the Reproductive Justice (RJ) framework requires the law to address gender disparities, structural racism and colonial legacies in the regulation of genital cutting practices (GCP). It situates contemporary legal responses within the differing treatment of genital cutting in Western and non-Western contexts, highlighting the criminalisation of Female Genital Mutilation alon

A comparative exploration of the rights of women and non-Muslim citizens under the influence of Islam within select Arab states Olivia Morland The rights of women and non-Muslim citizens within selected Arab states remain significantly constrained by the interaction between religion and the law. While Islam has played an integral role in shaping legal frameworks across the Arab world, its influence need not inherently result in the legal discrimination that has often emerged

How States Are using Temporary Worker Programmes To Take Advantage of The World's Most Vulnerable Workers Sameen Rehman Migrant workers, defined as “a person who is to be engaged, is engaged or has been engaged in a remunerated activity in a state of which he or she is not a national” under Article 2(1) of the Internation Convention on the Protection of the Rights of All Migrant Workers and Members of Their Families (ICRMW), are arguably the backbone of most societies. Howeve

An Analysis Through the Lens of FIFA v BZ (2024) Aoife Bradley This dissertation examines the impact of FIFA’s principle of contractual stability on player mobility and employment in professional football. The research centres on the landmark judgment of the Court of Justice of the European Union in FIFA v BZ (2024) which exposed the asymmetrical and punitive operation of Article 17 of FIFA’s Regulations on the Status and Transfer of Players (RSTP). The Court held that the me

Rethinking Justice in the Anthropocene Holly Perrins This thesis contends that human rights in their current individualistic and myopic nature reproduce the structural harms underlying climate injustice. Through privileging the protection of autonomous interests, human rights frameworks conceal the significance of ecological interdependency, whereby humans rely on their environmental surroundings to flourish. This individualistic approach also renders collective climate harms